Military's last barrier to Equality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Military's last hindrance to Equality - Essay Example I concur with creator that in the present condition of sexual orientation equity, there is pressing need to revoke the limitations on ladies in battle positions. To be sure, ladies must have the opportunity to pick the territory of military administrations where they need to serve, regardless of whether they are commanded by men. McSally has reasonably called attention to that if ladies can be utilized in battle positions in Iraq and Afghanistan, they reserve the option to those situations in their home ground moreover. Ladies have adequately demonstrated that they are fit for rivaling their partners in the fight territories moreover. In Iraq and Afghanistan, they have won awards for courage and served in different battle zones like bleeding edge fight where they have executed adversaries and have likewise relinquished their lives for a superior world; at checkpoints they have looked ladies and kids for weapons and last yet not the least is that have effectively conveyed their duty o f going about as specialist in counterinsurgency plans. These are extremely significant regions of battle places that have been effectively penetrated by ladies fighters. Consequently, they have earned the rights to serve in these regions in their nation moreover. Strikingly, the choice to limit passage for ladies in different zones of military administrations like infantry, big guns, tank, exceptional administrations and other claim to fame territories isn't because of any law passed by Congress. It is truth be told, the choices of Department of Defense that have not been refreshed to keep with evolving times. Creator states that Mike Mullen, Chairman of Joint Chief of Staff, has understood that contemporary condition is profoundly helpless against unstable circumstances like psychological oppressor demonstrations of brutality and ‘everyone is in a battle zone’. In this manner battle related military arrangements should be audited. National security consultant to Presi dent Obama has likewise expressed that ‘women are as of now serving in battle [in Iraq and Afghanistan] and current strategy ought to be refreshed to think about real factors the ground’. These are significant pointers to change and would empower consideration of ladies in battle positions in American military. As of late President Obama had passed the injuries to permit gay people inside the military administrations. This was the most radical yet genuinely necessary activity that gigantically bolsters the idea of equivalent open door for all. The courtroom had mediated in the zone of safeguard to guarantee that sacred privileges of residents isn't spurned in the attire of social sacredness to different methods of sexuality. Sexual uniformity has to be sure grown up and it is intensely accepted that division of barrier would now clear route for ladies in territories that were up to this point confined for them. The boycott of ladies in different positions and territorie s of military were comprehensively founded on wobbly reasons. It was accepted that ‘their position could disturb union, may make sexual pressure, there will be unconquerable protection issues; they don’t (as a class) have what it takes†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and so on. These are weak motivations to advance sexual orientation separation. They bring down the regard of American military as well as that of American constitution that blossoms with opportunity of people to pick and their entitlement to rise to circumstances in every aspect of work. President Obama has frequently underscored that equity, decency and equivalent rights for all must turn into a ground reality. It is trusted that the equivalent would likewise be executed inside the different zones of military administrations and permit ladies get to

Othello vs Iago

The activities somebody makes all through his/her life forms the sort of individual he/she is, anyway this isn't generally the situation. At last it was Othello who was in charge of his own conduct however he was exceptionally impacted. Notwithstanding the way that Iago had completed the deed of murdering Roderigo, he was more in charge of the others musings than activities. Together, Iago and Othello were in a general sense accountable for their lives however frail to their contemplations and actions.Nonetheless just one can be the most liable for the heartbreaking occasions that happen in this play. Uncertainties powerfully affect the human brain, and that is exactly what befallen Othello, he capitulated to his frailties. Being an alternate race and a general could be supposed to be uncommon in the timespan that this play occurred which may have prompted why Othello was responding so unreasonably. He permitted his brain to pull pranks on him by hooking on to any individual who had given grace to him during an upsetting occasion which prompted his deadly imperfection: Pride.Though he cherished Desdemona with everything that is in him, his pride appeared to be more significant. He would not tune in to his better half in view of the recently discovered spoiled image of her which intended to him to wipe out the one thing that would destroy his picture of himself. At long last activities expressed stronger than words and he yielded to the lethal ways that prior had planted in his mind. With an incredible personalities comes extraordinary duties, obligations Iago appeared to disregard by permitting his envy to take over.Honest Iago genuinely was straightforward in any case, he was likewise very astute. He realized how to bend the contemplations of the individuals around him transforming them into his little manikins so as to keep his hands clean. A profoundly powerful instigator which prompted the passings of the considerable number of characters who kicked the buc ket by controlling the individuals around him. at the point when everything is said and done, it was Iago who truly Influenced the activities preformed by Othello.

How One Teacher Uses Mind Mapping in the Classroom to Inspire Students

How One Teacher Uses Mind Mapping in the Classroom to Inspire Students Anthony Valentin, or Mr. V as he’s more commonly known to his students, is a World History teacher at New York City’s famed Stuyvesant High School. On a daily basis, Mr. V teaches to 168 students divided amongst five classes  and has been doing so for the past 25 years. To reach tomorrow’s leaders and instill in them not only critical thinking skills  but collaborative and team efforts to solve challenging problems, Valentin uses MindMeister. Here’s how: MindMeister in the Classroom A long time personal mind mapper, Mr. V has been a MindMeister customer since our original beta testing phase. He says, of his initial search, that he was after a mind mapping application that wouldn’t tie him to a specific computer. Yet, the application had to be intuitive and simple to master without extensive use of the school’s computer facilities. MindMeister filled the need. Students master the application quickly. As ninth graders, they do need an introduction to the concept of mind mapping, but one session in front of the computer is all it takes. Once in the classroom, Mr. V points to the uses of MindMeister. “Mind mapping allows me to assign tasks or explain concepts graphically. Students have varied learning styles, and mind mapping appears to aid most of them. By their very nature, mind maps present thoughts and ideas in a logical progression. In my History course, discussing why certain ideas are linked or sequenced invites a new round of inquiry.” From Classroom to Homework When it comes down to functionality, Mr. V regularly creates topic and discussion templates  and then circulates these to all of his students. These templates may either be filled in by students  or used as a springboard to create their own maps. Valentin notes that for individual and simpler assignments, students usually work alone, but work as groups on larger-scale projects. These assignments generally begin in the classroom and then carry over into homework activities. “I often use MindMeister to elicit responses to questions posed after students had watched a film or read a document. Other students can then edit and/or substitute their own commentary. The goal is to get students to think critically about sources and share their thoughts,” comments Mr. V. “We review the work in class by projecting the mind map on a screen using my MindMeister for iPad app. The application has been an effective way to bridge classroom and home learning.Anthony Valentin MindMeister Essentials While Mr. V is quite happy using MindMeister in the classroom and beyond, he’s quick to point out two essential features that make MindMeister his top choice. History View MindMeister’s exclusive History View has been used by many to track who made what changes, to what map, and when. Carrying this experience over to the classroom was a logical choice for Mr. V. “The history playback feature is absolutely awesome. I use it all the time. With it, I can see student progress over time. I can evaluate decisions made in the maps construction. I can also verify student participation. I must say that this single feature made my use of MindMeister quadruple!” Embedding a MindMeister mind map In addition to having a bird’s eye view of his students’ progress, Mr. V also takes full advantage of our embedding feature. A topic we’ve previously covered, MindMeister’s embedding feature allows for easy embedding of any publicly viewable mind map in any HTML editor. “Embedding mind maps into our course website and blog is a vitally important feature. I use it often and it adds greater academic value to our course website. Embedding permits me to place a mind map in context with the subject materials.” The End Result As a result of Anthony Valentin’s application of MindMeister in the classroom he reports a noted increase in students’ test scores. “I have seen complex and content rich mind maps. I can attest to the improved test scores my students have had while using mind maps for content reviews. I firmly believe that mind maps help sharpen student’s thinking skills.Anthony Valentin World History teacher at Stuyvesant High School in New York City, Anthony Valentin can be found at worldhistoryreview.org and on Twitter @WorldHistReview Introduce mind mapping in your classroom MindMeister for Education From $1 per pupil MindMeister for Education How One Teacher Uses Mind Mapping in the Classroom to Inspire Students Anthony Valentin, or Mr. V as he’s more commonly known to his students, is a World History teacher at New York City’s famed Stuyvesant High School. On a daily basis, Mr. V teaches to 168 students divided amongst five classes  and has been doing so for the past 25 years. To reach tomorrow’s leaders and instill in them not only critical thinking skills  but collaborative and team efforts to solve challenging problems, Valentin uses MindMeister. Here’s how: MindMeister in the Classroom A long time personal mind mapper, Mr. V has been a MindMeister customer since our original beta testing phase. He says, of his initial search, that he was after a mind mapping application that wouldn’t tie him to a specific computer. Yet, the application had to be intuitive and simple to master without extensive use of the school’s computer facilities. MindMeister filled the need. Students master the application quickly. As ninth graders, they do need an introduction to the concept of mind mapping, but one session in front of the computer is all it takes. Once in the classroom, Mr. V points to the uses of MindMeister. “Mind mapping allows me to assign tasks or explain concepts graphically. Students have varied learning styles, and mind mapping appears to aid most of them. By their very nature, mind maps present thoughts and ideas in a logical progression. In my History course, discussing why certain ideas are linked or sequenced invites a new round of inquiry.” From Classroom to Homework When it comes down to functionality, Mr. V regularly creates topic and discussion templates  and then circulates these to all of his students. These templates may either be filled in by students  or used as a springboard to create their own maps. Valentin notes that for individual and simpler assignments, students usually work alone, but work as groups on larger-scale projects. These assignments generally begin in the classroom and then carry over into homework activities. “I often use MindMeister to elicit responses to questions posed after students had watched a film or read a document. Other students can then edit and/or substitute their own commentary. The goal is to get students to think critically about sources and share their thoughts,” comments Mr. V. “We review the work in class by projecting the mind map on a screen using my MindMeister for iPad app. The application has been an effective way to bridge classroom and home learning.Anthony Valentin MindMeister Essentials While Mr. V is quite happy using MindMeister in the classroom and beyond, he’s quick to point out two essential features that make MindMeister his top choice. History View MindMeister’s exclusive History View has been used by many to track who made what changes, to what map, and when. Carrying this experience over to the classroom was a logical choice for Mr. V. “The history playback feature is absolutely awesome. I use it all the time. With it, I can see student progress over time. I can evaluate decisions made in the maps construction. I can also verify student participation. I must say that this single feature made my use of MindMeister quadruple!” Embedding a MindMeister mind map In addition to having a bird’s eye view of his students’ progress, Mr. V also takes full advantage of our embedding feature. A topic we’ve previously covered, MindMeister’s embedding feature allows for easy embedding of any publicly viewable mind map in any HTML editor. “Embedding mind maps into our course website and blog is a vitally important feature. I use it often and it adds greater academic value to our course website. Embedding permits me to place a mind map in context with the subject materials.” The End Result As a result of Anthony Valentin’s application of MindMeister in the classroom he reports a noted increase in students’ test scores. “I have seen complex and content rich mind maps. I can attest to the improved test scores my students have had while using mind maps for content reviews. I firmly believe that mind maps help sharpen student’s thinking skills.Anthony Valentin World History teacher at Stuyvesant High School in New York City, Anthony Valentin can be found at worldhistoryreview.org and on Twitter @WorldHistReview Introduce mind mapping in your classroom MindMeister for Education From $1 per pupil MindMeister for Education

The Civil War A Turning Point - 1086 Words

Christina Graham History 101 Edward Hagerty 4/23/16 The Civil War is known as a turning point in America, the road to ending slavery, while first turning a nation against each other. The Civil War was a turning point in America that started with different views of what was right and wrong between the North and South. While those in the Northern states fought to end slavery, the Southern states fought to protect its beliefs and foundation. The Civil War was fought from 1861-1865.(Masur,L 2011) One of its main components was slavery. Many northern states fought to end slavery, while the southern states wished to fight to keep slavery and protect its rights.(civilwar.org) The Southern states economy was dependent on cotton which to them made slavery a necessity, while the North was becoming a more industrialized economy.(Masur,L 2011)The separation in economic needs helped to create a divide between the two sections.(ushistory.org) In addition to the economy, southern states pushed for nullification. They did not believe that the Federal Government should impose its will on the states. (Masur,L 2011 pg4) The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 did little to reassure the south that their rights to own slaves would be upheld and was basically a final straw for many southern states. (civilwar.org) There were a total of eleven states that would secede from the Union from 1860-1861 prior to the start of the Civil War. These states in order of secession wereShow MoreRelatedTurning Points in the Civil War1863 Words   |  8 PagesAnalytical Assignment Turning points that occur during a conflict such as a civil war may be found in men, as well as forces of events. Turning points are the moments or acts which are thought to have had profound effects which are necessary to drive the war along the course which it took. During the American Civil War in the 1860’s there can be a widespread debate over which actual event was the turning point in the war that led to a Union victory. Most analysts refer to July 4th, 1864 whenRead MoreTurning Point Of History : The Civil War1737 Words   |  7 PagesJonathan Iraheta Mr. Kaiser HIS 132 10 March 2017 Turning point in History The civil war was a turning point in history due to the changes that happened in slavery, military innovations and how it brought the North and South together. In this paper I will be arguing how the civil war is a major turning point in history and how it affected the United States. The civil war really determined what kind of nation the U.S. would be and whether or not it would continue to exist as the world’s largest slaveholdingRead MoreWas Korea a Turning Point in the Civil War?716 Words   |  3 PagesWas the Korean War a turning point in the Civil War? The Korean War was thus a turning point in the development of the Cold War in that it marked a shift in the focal point in the development of tensions, from Europe to East Asia, with many indirect conflicts being largely confined to Europe. The Korean War was the first time that communism and capitalism were to fight against each other. It was hence a turning point in the development of the Cold War — instead of tensions developing between theRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg As A Turning Point Of Civil War1048 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidered a turning point of Civil War and what are the economics impacts of the event during the time? I. Introduction This purpose of this paper is to show why the Battle of Gettysburg was considered a turning point in Civil War and what are the economics influences of the outcome during the time of the event. The influences on both North and South’s markets are studied and will be shown whether any changes were made during the turning point. II. Body 1. Why considered a turning point The main questionRead MoreThe Battle of Gettysburg: The Turning Point of the Civil War861 Words   |  4 PagesThe Battle of Gettysburg the Turning Point of the Civil War Was the Battle of Gettysburg a sufficient enough victory to actually turn the tide of the Civil War? Was three days of fighting enough to make that much of an impact on a war that lasted two more years after this famous battle? Well that is what I will be discussing in this paper. I will be going over each day of the battle and how they ultimately led to a Union victory and a turning point in the Civil War. Day one, July 1, 1863, was theRead More The Battle of Gettysburg as the Turning Point of the Civil War1603 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gettysburg was the turning point of the American Civil War. This is the most famous and important Civil War Battle that occurred over three hot summer days, July 3, 1863, around the small market town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. More importantly Gettysburg was the clash between the two major American Cultures of their time: the North and the South. The causes of the Civil War, and the Battle of Gettysburg, one must understand the differences between these two cultures. The Confederacy had anRead MoreThe Battle of Gettysburg: Turning Point of the Civil War Essay2668 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Americans had been engaged in a Civil War which had been begun in April of 1861 with shots fired on a fort in South Carolina. In the summer of 1863 in a small town called Gettysburg, there would be a fierce battle fought between the Union Army of the Potomac led by General George G. Meade and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia led by General Robert E. Lee. The events of the battle would overcome the losses suffered by the Union and put the Confederacy on the run. â€Å"Over 165Read MoreThe American Civil War : The Most Significant Turning Point?3462 Words   |  14 PagesIn considering the development of the USA in the years 1815-1917, how far can the union victory in the civil war be seen as the most significant turning point? The Union Victory in the American civil war is widely considered to be a turning point and could be seen as the catalyst in American History. Led by Abraham Lincoln, some may say it was the start of a new era. Time had gone by since the America gained its independence. The emancipation of slavery happened because of the Unions victory butRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg Was The Turning Point Of The American Civil War837 Words   |  4 PagesThe Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the American Civil war. General Robert E. Lee was the commanding officer of the Confederate army. During the battle of Gettysburg Lee’s military strategy was to fight offensive. Lee’s goal during the battle was to seize the high ground and out last the union army. The Union army had outnumbered the Confederate soldiers. General Lee’s first hand man was General James Longstreet. Longstreet believes the new technology in warfare would make attackingRead MoreLetter Of A Civil Wa r Nurse2005 Words   |  9 Pages Document Analysis: Letters of a Civil War Nurse Sabrina Jehanzeb Hist 1301.003 Professor: Dr. Hudson Word Count: 1843 In â€Å"Letters of a Civil War Nurse†, written in 1863, Cornelia Hancock’s account of the Civil War gives readers an account of the suffering and hardship of soldiers through the point of view of an Union nurse. This document written by Cornelia Hancock is an account as a nurse who went through the Battle of Gettysburg and the after effects. Through a series of

Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe - 1000 Words

Chinua Achebe first novel was called Things Fall Apart it was distributed in 1958.Achebe composed Things Fall Apart because of European books that delineated Africans as savages who should have been illuminated by the Europeans. Achebe presents to readers his kin s history with both qualities and flaws by depicting, for instance, Igbo celebrations, the love of their divine beings and the practices in their custom ceremony, their rich culture and other social practices, the pioneer time that was both halting Igbo culture and furthermore gotten a few advantages to their way of life. Things Fall Apart, in this manner coordinates the deceptive of European books that delineate Africans as savages into a radically new light with its depiction†¦show more content†¦Thus, Achebe accuses the white missionaries’ colonial rule and additionally intrusion of the post-colonial of the oppressed Igbo culture; this oppression can be found as far as the mistreated social coherence betwe en the individual and their general public. Besides, Achebe teaches his readers broadly about Igbo society s myths and precepts. Before Achebe composed Things Fall Apart, every one of the books that had been composed about Africa and Africans was composed by Europeans. For the most part, the European works depicted Africans as boorish and uneducated people. The Europeans, seeing that they considered themselves more progressed than Africans were resolved to help Africans move from the old time into the cutting edge time of human advancement and education. Reflection on the Novel In the novel, Things Fall Apart, the impacts of colonialism were amazingly apparent in the Igbo society. As the white outsiders moved into the local s territory, their social qualities changed. Cases of these progressions were apparent in all parts of the Igbo individuals lives, in their religion, family life, young children, and the dead. A large portion of the Igboians was annoyed with the colonization of their general public, however, at last, they were totally unequipped for successfully turn around the progressions that had effectively occurred in their general public. As the English colonized the Igbo society, there were a couple of locals who contradicted it, theShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1415 Words   |  6 Pagesbook Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe does just that. This book should be taught in schools because it shows the values and traditions of Achebe’s Igbo culture, persistently teaches life lessons throughout the book, and shows the darker reality of European colonialism in Africa. Chinua Achebe is known as one of the most influential and famous authors to ever write. Chinua Achebe originates from an Igbo background and he expresses that through his writings very well including Things Fall ApartRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1324 Words   |  6 Pages Chinua Achebe chose to write his novels in English to reveal a deep response of his people to colonisation and to make that response understood to people all over the world. Things Fall Apart was written in English to teach people worldwide of the struggles he faced and the people of Nigeria faced growing up. Many authors and critics have written about Achebe’s ‘Things fall apart’ adding their valued opinion on what he was trying to say and his decision to write in English. In the followingRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pages who took their land for monetary gain. This was a dark period of time for Africans that live there. The U.S. Civil War and The Great Depression both can be related, in this instance, to how down their people were because of what happened. Chinua Achebe said it best, â€Å"I would be quite satisfied if my novels...did no more than teach my readers of their past...was not a long night of savagery from which the first European acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(qtd. in â€Å"Morning Yet† 45). In theRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1452 Words   |  6 Pagesassume control over the Roman Empire. However, imperialism in Africa remained a recorded element from 1750 to 1945. This paper visits how control and changes were influences over the Africans during this time period as seen through Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart. (UKEssays, 2015) Europe was experiencing a few financial and political changes that forced the major European forces to investigate abroad regions to add to their resources during the seventeenth century. In order for the EuropeanRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe2361 Words   |  10 PagesThings Fall Apart Book Critique Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a historical fiction novel describing the life of Okonkwo in a Nigerian village succumbing to European ways, in order to portray Achebe’s view on imperialism. It was chosen for us to read by our teacher because it describes imperialism and its effects in an Ibo village of Nigeria. It also shows the treatment of natives by the Europeans and how the natives reacted. Things Fall Apart is useful to our course of studies because itRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1265 Words   |  6 PagesThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is markedly relevant to our current course of studies in World History, as it tells a story based on European Imperialism in Africa. Coming off the heels of our Imperialism unit, this post-colonial novel provides very helpful context on different civilizations’ perspectives throughout the Age of Imperialism; aside from analyzing death tolls, descriptions of conflicts, and names of countries, it was previousl y hard to envision what life was actually like during thatRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe 735 Words   |  3 PagesThings fall apart. Achebe. Ernest Gaines once said, â€Å"I write to try to find out who I am. One of my main themes is manliness. I think Im trying to figure out what manliness really is.† Indeed, every society or culture has its own understanding of an ideal man. Even though these characteristics are different in various parts of the world, the significance of masculinity can never be overestimated. â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe is considered as one of the best examples of a riseRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe692 Words   |  3 Pagesthe way to go. Through commercial trading Islam spread into Igboland, and this led to more Igbo people leaving the Igbo way of life for another, whether it be Islam or Christianity which divide the country in two. In the novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe British colonialism and the migration of Muslims to Nigeria led to the change in the faith, social and economic changes in the Igbo society. Traditional Igbo faith believes that there is only one creator or god known as ChinekeRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe the Igbo tradition revolves around structured gender role. Everything essential of Igbo life is based on their gender, which throughout the novel it shows the role of women and the position they hold, from their role in the family household, also planting women crops, to bearing children. Although the women were claimed to be weaker and seemed to be treated as objects, in the Igbo culture the women still provided qualities that make them worthyRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1851 Words   |  8 Pageschoice and styles are critical not only to the reader’s understanding of the text but to his appreciation as well. How language is effectively manipulated in their writings enhances the reader’s valuing of the works. The selected novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a representation of Igbo culture and their language. It explores the life of an Igbo tribe at the time of when colonization hit Africa. It could be considered as a post-colonial text, as the protagonist of the story and the other

Solid Waste Management Case Study In Bristol Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

The direction of Municipal Solid Waste ( MSW ) is a major environmental crisis throughout of the World, which everyone is concerned about. In the United Kingdom, the measure of municipal waste has increased and 46.9 per cent of the sum collected waste has disposed of in landfill in 2009/10 ( DEFRA, 2010b ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Solid Waste Management Case Study In Bristol Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In comparing, the Netherlands and Denmark have disposed of about no municipal waste to landfill and other members of European Unit of measurements such as Germany and Sweden have less than a one-fourth of municipal waste to landfill ( DEFRA, 2010b ) . Therefore, the UK Government published Waste Strategy for England 2007 on 24th May 2007 in order to run into EU scheme and set out a sustainable method for hierarchy of waste direction options within clime alteration and population growing. The cardinal ends of the scheme are to put out a design for waste bar, decrease, re-use, recycling and recovery and bettering environmental and economic results through increased recycling of resources and recovery of energy from residuary waste utilizing a mix of engineerings. There are some actions of the proposal scheme outlined, for illustration, energy from waste is expected to account for 25 % of municipal waste by 2020 compared to 10 % in 2007 and the standard rate of landfill revenue enhance ment addition by eight lbs per twelvemonth from 2008 until at least 2010/11 ( DEFRA, 2010c ) . As a consequence, it is necessary to put up a assortment of waste intervention for recovery stuff in the UK, such as Mechanical Biological Treatment ( MBT ) and Energy from Waste ( EfW ) . There is no uncertainty that a figure of local governments face major challenges when they manage residuary waste sustainably. Take Bristol for illustration, 59 % of waste has been sent to landfill and 40 % has been recycled or composted in 2009/10 ( DEFRA, 2010d ) . Harmonizing to Bristol City Council ( 2000 ) , 100,000 metric tons of family waste will stay to be treated if 40 % waste is recycled or composted. Therefore, the council wants to do a 25 old ages Residual Waste Management Contract with company to handle 100,000 metric tons of Residual MSW by one of three options which include MBT with composting or anaerobiotic digestion and Energy from Waste. In this paper, the environmental impacts of each option will be assessed in order to happen a sustainable method for residuary waste direction i n Bristol. Furthermore, some comparative extenuation steps and redress attacks for chose option will be mentioned, concentrating cardinal issues of development and land renovation after 25 old ages. 2. The Description of Development and Site Bristol metropolis council aims to put up a waste intervention works in the metropolis in order to non merely run into their recycling demands but besides make expeditiously retrieve value from the residuary waste produced. There is no uncertainty that a hundred thousand metric tons of rubbish send to the new workss for processing in the coming old ages instead than dumping it in landfill sites. The possible possible site is assumed as antecedently used land which locates in the chief industrial estate ( Avonmouth ) in the northern portion of Bristol. It would by and large be preferred in planning footings, as no new land would be used and contaminated land restored. In add-on, the installation has good transit substructure, which consequences from closely primary route web and instead rail entree. Figure 1 shows some possible antecedently land in the possible country, which have several big chemical fabrication workss and besides has a important residential country in Avonmouth betw een the industrialized zone and the M5 expressway. Furthermore, a big graduated table of green sites and H2O organic structure around the false site. Figure 1. The Potential Site for Waste Treatment Plant in Bristol alll sites.jpg ( Beginning: Google Map ) There are three possible options including MBT utilizing composting ( In Vessel Composting ) or anaerobiotic digestion ( AD ) or EfW provided in following inside informations. The local waste scheme officers assume that: 100,000 tonne residuary MSW will be treated ; the elaborate value of intervention for each option is described in Figure 2 ; Figure 2. The Value of Waster Treatment Process assorted recyclates are deserving on mean ?50/tonne ; all workss operate 90 % of the 8760 hours in a twelvemonth ; both digestate and compost are disposed to landfill at the full revenue enhancement rate ; nevertheless, the digestate is charged the full dispose cost, compost is disposed for free ; bottom ash can be processed and used as a secondary sum, doing net income at ?5/tonne ; gas cleansing residues are risky waste and landfilled at ?100/ metric ton plus landfill revenue enhancement at ?48/tonne ; electricity from AD is deserving ?135/MWh, electricity from EfW and In Vessel Composting is deserving ?60/ MWh. 3. Introduction of Three Processing Options for the Residual Municipal Solid Waste Management This subdivision focuses on debut of the procedure and principals of three options including In Vessel Composting, Anaerobic Digestion and Energy from Waste. MBT chiefly follow two procedures including mechanical sorting and biological procedure. Mechanical sorting is to screen ‘mechanical ‘ component such as metal, plastics, glass A ; paper, which is made by manus and is a basic procedure in both composting and anaerobiotic digestion. However, the biological procedures are different because of the assortment of intervention principals. Anaerobic digestion, which is the biological intervention of organic waste without O, utilise microbic activity to interrupt down the waste in a controlled environment with mesophilic and thermophlic digestion and bring forth biogas ( e.g. Methane and Carbon Dioxide ) and digestate at the same clip. In Vessel Composting is an enclosed compost system and is the intervention of organic affair with aerophilic micro-organism to bring forth a mixture of stable humic substances and inorganic works food ( Agrivert, 2010 ) . In comparing with AD, there is no green energy produced through the system, hence, the excess energy will be used in the procedures. Energy from Waste is process incorporation the thermic decomposition of the waste include waste response and storage, burning system, heat recovery, fluke gas cleansing, power coevals and procedure control and proctor. Compared with MBT, EfW can disposal of all types of waste without other pre-treatment and the temperature has a minimal demand of 850oC for 2 seconds ( March, 2010a ) . Additionally, incineration offers a farther option for the intervention of residuary MSW and is already proved and bankable engineering in the UK with 26 EfW workss ( March, 2010a ) . However, there is no incineration in Bristol at the minute. 4. Environmental Impacts Assessment of Three Processing Options In order to accomplish the UK authorities ‘s cardinal ends and Bristol waste scheme, appraisal of the environmental and economic impacts of each processing option should be undertaken in the undermentioned subdivision. Local installations of waste intervention would supply much local employment chances. Furthermore, the figure of statute law and planning policy consisting international, national and local policy will besides be introduced to do certain the sustainable development. Therefore, this subdivision focal point on the cardinal issues of waste intervention options such as air emanations / wellness effects, dust / smell, noise, H2O resources, ocular invasion and public concern. Harmonizing to analysis of environmental impact appraisal, one of the options will be identified as the Best Practicable Environmental Option for Bristol City Council. 4.1 Planning Policy and Context I ) International Policy The European Union has instigated a scope of Directives at a European degree that should be suited for each EU member and transposed into national Torahs in order to follow the local environment. The undermentioned International policies provide the European model for Waste applicable to the United Kingdom. aˆ? European Community ( EC ) Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC ; aˆ? EC Framework Directive for Waste 75/442/EEC as amended by 91/156/EEC ; aˆ? Waste Incineration Directive 2000/76EC ( WID ) . two ) National Policy The Waste Strategy for England ( 2007 ) sets out the Government ‘s vision for sustainable waste direction. The cardinal aims and marks of the scheme are to cut down the sum of waste produced and increase the rate of recovery of municipal waste. There are besides some other statute law created to accomplish the mark in the followers: Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme ( LATS ) ; Planing Policy Guidance Notes ( PPG ) and Planing Policy Statements ( PPS ) ; Planing Policy Statement 1 ( PPS1 ) : Delivering Sustainable Development ( 2005 ) ; Planing and Climate Change ( PCC ) : The intent is to put out how climate alteration considerations should be taken into history at different phases of the planning procedure. Planing Policy Statement 10 ( PPS 10 ) : Planing for Sustainable Waste Management. During Annex E of PPS 10, the chief factors have been taken into history by waste planning governments when proving the suitableness of a site for waste direction intents. three ) Regional and Local Planning Policy Planing policies for Bristol are set out in the Statutory Development Plan which includes the undermentioned paperss ( South Gloucestershire Council, 2010 ) : Regional Planning Guidance for the South West ( RPG10 ) ( September 2001 ) Joint Replacement Structure Plan ( as saved ) ( September 2002 ) Bristol Local Plan ( as saved ) ( 1997 ) Regional Planning Guidance for the South West ( RPG10 ) ( 2001 ) RPG10 comprises the Regional Spatial Strategy for the South West and the Regional Transport Strategy, and purpose to run into sustainable development in footings of environment, economic system and society. 4.2 Anaerobic Digestion In footings of biodegradable waste either by anaerobiotic digestion or by composting MBT engineerings helps to cut down the part of nursery gases to minmise the impacts of planetary heating. IPPC ( 2010 ) stated that AD engineering for assorted homogeneous waste watercourses is widely proven in Europe, but there are no full graduated table workss in operation in the UK on municipal derived wastes. Therefore, environmental and economic impacts should be assessed in order to develop installations at nowadays. 4.2.1 Environmental impacts As we all know that anaerobiotic digestion is wholly enclosed system, which may cut down environmental impacts. As it may accomplish a cardinal purpose of the landfill Directive and cut down organic wastes from landfill which reduces the production of landfill gas and leachates. Although the installation has pollution control engineering in order to command the sustainable processes non merely for the company but besides for the populace, each development has some relevant impacts on air, H2O resources and local occupants. For illustration, odour emanations should be released during stuff handling and other air emanation ( Methane ) would be release during the procedure. This may impact the local life status if the pollution will non be controlled and ocular invasion, plagues and noise jobs. In order to foretell how smell will be transported, some information such as meteoric conditions ( e.g. , wind velocity and way, temperature, and inversion conditions ) in the proposal site can b e obtained from a local conditions station. Furthermore, taint of concluding merchandise is frequently hard to avoid, which means digestate from residuary MSW connot be used for nutrient growth ; lone regeneration of contaminated land or landfill screen ( McKendry 2010 ) . Therefore, AD besides has somewhat negative impacts on environment during the handling and procedures of the installation. Harmonizing to Figure 2, net energy ( 0.5 MWe ) will be produced for National Grid, which besides can salvage energy and cut down environmental pollution from power coevals. To sum up, compared with no waste intervention in Bristol, AD is a better environmental practical option for waste recovery and besides can accomplish the UK cardinal mark. 4.2.2 Economic impacts It requires comprehensive pre-processing of the waste or beginning separation and larger digestion armored combat vehicles as it does non handle the whole Municipal Solid Waste watercourse but may be used on residuary municipal waste watercourse with contaminations rejected as portion of the procedure. Therefore, AD is more capital intensive than composting and cost more for landfill revenue enhancement. Furthermore, the end product of digestates is by and large risky and set to landfill, which will besides be more for the procedure than production from composting. However, compared with composting, energy should be produced and is deserving ?532,170 which is less than net income of net energy from EfW ( Figure 3 ) . Person ( City and County of Swansea, 2011 ) references that AD is comparatively low capital costs compared to most thermic procedures. On the other manus, anaerobiotic digestion has non adequate net income which created from byproducts compared to EfW ( Figure 3 ) . In f ootings of economic system, anaerobiotic digestion is the secondary pick in three waste direction options for Bristol. Figure 3. The Analysis of Input and Output of Economy in Proposed Waste Treatment Plant Anaerobic Digestation In Vessel Composting Energy from Waste Input signal 2,380,000 ( Landfill ) 1,564,000 ( Digestate ) – 2,040,000 ( Landfill ) 2,880,000 ( Compost ) – 408,000 ( Landfill ) – 888,000 ( Gas Cleaning ) End product Net income 1,500,000 ( Recyclates ) – 532,170 ( Net Energy ) i1,911,830 1,500,000 ( Recyclates ) – i473,040 ( Net Energy ) i3,893,040 375,000 ( Recyclates ) 185,000 ( Bottom Ash ) 3,784,320 ( Net Energy ) 3,048,320 4.3 In Vessel Composting Actually, this engineering has merely had limited experience in the UK ; nevertheless, it is quickly increasing in figure due to recent statute law of waste direction such as Landfill Directive. The advantage of In-Vessel Composting is that the procedures are more controlled and can be designed to accomplish specified temperatures of facilitate bacteriums devastation. 4.3.1 Environmental impacts Composting can cut down volume of organic waste fraction of MSW by 25-50 % and minmise landfill rate ( IPPC, 2010 ) , which avoid environmental pollution ( Landfill gas and leachate ) similar with AD. However, some possible smell and leachate besides should be produced, which can ensue in air and H2O resources may be polluted to some extent. Although it is suited for green and kitchen waste, it is possible of co-composting operations with other waste watercourses such as paper, sewerage sludge ( IPPC, 2010 ) . On the other manus, it requires careful beginning segregation of farther station or intervention as sensitive taint of glass and plastics. Furthermore, in comparing with other options, In Vessel composting has no energy end product and need excess energy for operation, which will impact more issues from power coevals such as air pollution. It is similar with AD that the development is non bad for ecosystem and ocular direction as the proposed site is antecedently used land whic h may be contaminated or brownfield site. The engineering has a greater ability to command air pollution emanations than mass burn EfW in theory, but this has non yet been demonstrated in pattern in the UK ( Environment Agency, 2010 ) . 4.3.2 Economic impacts Although the capital cost is non rather expensive than Energy from Waste, the balance of input and end product of waste intervention procedure is wholly different than other options. Harmonizing to Figure 3, the developer or authorities should put more money for rejected waste to landfill and extra energy ( ?473,040 ) , which means the net incomes of recyclates can non do certain the continuously procedure of operation. Therefore, in footings of economic facet, this engineering is non suited for the UK cardinal sustainable development mark and is the worst option. Energy from Waste In the UK, Energy from waste has a peculiarly hapless public image and has been problematic by environmental groups on the evidences of sensed wellness impacts from emanations to air. Combustion of residuary MSW can bring forth or let go of C dioxide and other nursery gases. Hence C emanations should to be considered in footings of composing of the residuary waste watercourse, the type of energy produced ( heat and/or power ) and the overall generating efficiency of the installation. 4.4.1 Environmental impacts Compared with other options, EfW can disposal of a assortment of waste without restriction and pre-treatment required. However, dust job may be within the waste response hall or drawn into the furnace. Furthermore, there is a WID emanation restriction and air quality criterions regulated in order to command the air emanation particularly greenhouse gases from mills. The advantage of this engineering is that the province of the art of pollution control engineering is completed for planetary usage. In add-on, energy recovery includes Combined Heat and Power ( CHP ) workss and chance for territory warming programmes. However, the temperature is non easy to command during the operation processes, which may impact the efficiency of residue quality and disposal when burning is non completed. Although EfW can decide waste to landfill and emission decrease ( methane ) from landfill and residuary waste, which to some extent may turn to clime alteration, air pollution of EfW is more important than other options ( Hong, 2010 ) . The WID emanation bounds to air shows day-to-day mean emanations limit from incineration in the followers ( Veolia, 2011 ) : Dust ( Particulates ) 10mg/m3 Entire Organic Carbon 10mg/m3 Hydrogen Chloride 10mg/m3 Carbon Monoxide 50mg/m3 Sulphur Dioxide 50mg/m3 Oxides of Nitrogen 200mg/m3 Harmonizing to Figure 2, the figure of waste can be combusted and bottom ash can be used for building applications, which reduces the measure necessitating landfill disposal to under 10 % of the feedstock mass ( IPPC, 2010 ) . In comparing with others, 8MWe net energy should be produced and present inexpensive heat and power either to the National Grid or local users. On the other manus, it besides save more energy and cut down pollution from power coevals workss. EfW is non long term liability installation, therefore, local EfW would supply the best planetary solution for Bristol depending on the Life Cycle Assessment. Furthermore, the impacts of ocular, plagues and noise and ecosystem are similar and related to other waste direction options and with proper planning can be minimized to acceptable degrees. As for the ocular impacts, the undermentioned factors should be considered: direct consequence on landscape by remotion of points such as trees ; potency of an exhaust stack associ ated with air clean up systems ; testing characteristics and graduated table of vehicles accessing site. 4.4.2 Economic impacts There is no uncertainty that EfW is one of the high capital costs engineering, nevertheless, it besides create net net incomes from the procedures. Harmonizing to Figure 3, although, gas cleansing remainders are risky wastes and landfilled at ?148 per metric ton, the installation can make ?3,048,320 net net income from operation system except the capital investing, which including ?185,000 income from bottom ash, ?3,784,320 net income from electricity and ?375,000 worth from recyclates. Therefore, EfW is the best option for waste intervention for Bristol in footings of economic system compared to other options. On the other manus, the installation will blow more investing and energy during the procedure stopped when there is no adequate waste for burning procedure. 4.5 Drumhead In drumhead, each option may accomplish the UK and local waste direction and recycling mark and to some extent cut down waste and air emanation such as methane and C. However, in footings of sustainable development which related to economic, societal and environmental facets, each option has its ain disadvantages and advantages. As for economic system except the capital investing, Energy from Waste can do more net income in 25 old ages than MBT utilizing Composting or Anaerobic Digestion. Although air emanation from EfW is more important than other options, EfW has been used for a long clip and is bettering or extenuating more sustainable engineerings to avoid the negative impacts on environment. It is true that Energy from waste has a peculiarly hapless public image ; nevertheless, public attitude will be changed within the state of affairs altering. Therefore, Energy from Waste is the best value options for Bristol City Council to make the waste intervention mark and follow sustain able development. 5. Extenuation Measures and Remediation Approach Energy from Waste is the Best Practicable Environmental Option for Bristol waste direction programme based on Environmental Impact Assessment ( EIA ) . As we all know that each option has its restriction, EfW is besides a instance in point. EIA states that the efficiency of burning, air emanation ( flue gas emanation and cleansing ) and public image are the chiefly important issues of EfW installation execution for Bristol. Furthermore, the land Restoration after usage should be considered at the beginning of building in order to be able to utilize every bit sustainable as possible. Extenuation steps should take to avoid, cut down, or rectify any important inauspicious effects that a proposed development is predicted to bring forth. First of wholly, because it is a smaller scale EfW workss, it is better to maximise the range for covering with hazard events and other possible inauspicious impacts. Furthermore, more information qualitative and quantitative appraisal of impacts such as meteoric conditions and ambient air quality should be collected for the following deepness appraisal. The recommended extenuation step for efficiency of burning is to utilize more effectual techniques. For illustration, the techniques such as Flue Gas Recirculation ( FGR ) can command the uncomplete burning in order to increase efficiency and to cut down the flow rate of pollutant emanations ( Liuzzo, 2007 ) . In add-on, the chimney should be high plenty to supply equal bill of exchange and to dispatch the merchandises without doing local sir pollution. There are besides some methods to increase positive public image, such as heightening propaganda or media spread and bettering instruction. The hazard direction including accident management/plan and security safeguard besides should be undertaken to avoid the wellness and safety of employees. As for the hereafter development after usage, the land should be careful managed to avoid possible risky constituents released into the land whether it is current contaminated or non ( McKendry, 2010 ) . The first recommendation purposes to used less penetrability stuffs for land building and cut down pollutants released. Furthermore, the regular clean up system is recommended to roll up the residuary waste during transporting system and clean up the soiled country such as oil let go ofing sites. Contaminated Land Management Regulation indicates that the defiler or proprietor has responsible to cover with pollution if the land will be contaminated by human activities. In my position, the proposal site is difficult to alter to an eco-green site after development, therefore, it is better to develop as commercial or industrial usage in the hereafter. 6. Decision In decision, Environmental Impact Assessment of Anaerobic Digestion, In Vessel Composting and Energy from Waste were analysed in this paper in order to happen out one of the best sustainable development for Bristol and besides achieve the UK cardinal ends for waste direction. It is surely that each option has both negative and positive impacts on environment and economic system. The chief purpose of them is to cut down waste sent to landfill and accomplish the UK waste direction mark ; moreover, they besides have same impacts on environment such ac ocular invasion, public image, possible contaminated land after usage and air pollution. However, the important impacts of installations are different in different engineerings ; for illustration, odour emanation is more important during anaerobiotic digestion attack, ocular invasion, public image and air emanation is more important for Energy from Waste, and energy usage and smell and leachate are important in composting procedure. In foo tings of economic system, EfW is the best option with highest net net incomes during the procedure ; on the other manus, In Vessel Compost is the worst attack because of excess energy supply. At the last, EfW has been chose to handle residuary Municipal Solid Waste with the extra extenuation steps in Bristol, which consequences in the development is non merely suited for international, national and local scheme but besides meet the Best Practicable Environmental Option which is sustainable and integrated in the farther development. 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The Process of Information System in Coca

Introduction According to the Market Line; a Data monitor business, the global soft drinks industry consists of functional drinks, bottled water, concentrates, juices and RTD with tea and coffee included. Its market value increased by 4% to reach a value of $602.1 billion in 2011.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Process of Information System in Coca-Cola specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is may increase by 24.6% to $749.9 billion by 2016. Of the global market value of soft drinks, the USA accounts for 41.5% and is home to the Coca-Cola Company; the leading indusry player generating 36.4% of the market’s share volume. (Market Line p. 1-38) The scope of this paper is to evaluate the Company in terms of its business process, involvement of information systems in its process and waysn information systems could improve its process. The Coca-Cola Company It is an international beverage corporation found ed in American with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. It manufacturers, distributes and markets non-alcoholic beverage solvents. The company’s history dates back to the 1886 experiment-Coca cola- of John Pemberton in Columbus, Georgia. Today it produces over 500 brands in over 200 countries, offering over 1.7 billion sales per day. The company is currently listed on the NYSE. Business process The company’s products, bearing the Coca-Cola Company trademark, were sold in the United States since 1886 and currently are selling in over 200 countries. The company manufacturers solvents and syrups for beverages sells them to bottle can operators and partially to wholesalers and some retailers. Some finished products are directly sold mainly to local distributors. The company is a large shareholder in majority of the bottle and can operations. Its operating structure includes the following operating groups; North America, Latin America, Africa, East and south Asia, European U nion, North Asia, Eurasia and Middle East and the Pacific coast line. (Aswathappa 20) see chart in the appendix. The solvents used in production of purified water and beverages are sold to bottle and can operators that have the company’s flagship.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These operators then combine the solvents and syrups with carbonated water to produce non-alcoholic drinks. The products are then packed in special containers that have the company’s trademark. The company’s brands include among others; Coca Cola, Minute Maid, Coca-Cola Zero, Sprite, Dasani Water, Diet Coke, Fanta, Powerade, Odwalla and Simply Orange. Involvement of information system It uses a Transaction Processing System (TPS) whereby the company’s activities are subdivided to individual indivisible transaction processes. These processes are; Manufacture of beverage s olvent and syrups Distribution of the concentrates to local and foreign bottlers Production of soft drinks through mixing of solvents with carbonated water by bottle and can operations Packaging of finished products Distribution to wholesalers and retailers As a multinational company, it uses high-speed computers networked via the internet for communication in international offices. This makes communication easy, fast and cheap enabling the company to make quick decisions. The company keeps a computerized database of its customers, suppliers and bottling canning operations. Over  ¾ of its annual marketing expenditure is IT-oriented to provide mobile connection to customers, social networking sites and loyalty programs. The Company launched â€Å"Coca-Cola Freestyle† in 2005, a new fountain dispenser that indicated a blueprint towards a technology-driven beverage industry that would be much different from the then industry. Previous fountains were very mechanical naturally . â€Å"Coca-Cola Freestyle† incorporates a computer in the fountain machine that calculates precisely the contents of over 100 beverage brands (Bovarnick par. 5). The company has implemented the ERP package in India where the payroll system, sales and distribution systems are already working in deports. How Information Systems could improve its process Using a computerized database helps create a paperless environment and cut costs that could otherwise go to storage of paper documents. This also helps to reduce the amount of time used to navigate through files for individual customer files thereby increasing efficiency.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Process of Information System in Coca-Cola specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The use of the internet in communication will help the management make quick decisions since meetings could be held online through teleconferencing and cut travel costs. Intern et also offers vast advertising opportunities reaching out to even the most remote areas thereby increasing the customer base. Suggestion for improvement In 2010, SmartWater and PET Bottles were voluntarily destocked by Coca-Cola North America as these beverages failed to confine to FDA’ s standards for quality bottled water. Similarly, in 2009 Coca-Cola Israel destocked Coca-Cola and Diet Coke bottles as the drinks contained traces of poisonous elements. This was as a result of the failure of its co2 supplier (Datamonitor p. 7). With invention of a 3D printer, such errors that could tarnish the brand image could become obsolete since this machine has surgical precision with zero chance for error. This paper suggests that the company acquires this latest development. Summary The Coca-Cola Company; the world’s top-brand producer and distributor of non-alcoholic solvents and syrups for beverages is a company that employs various forms of information systems in its busine ss process, although further incorporation of the IS may further improve its process. Conclusion Based on the research undertaken by this paper, it surfaces that the Coca-Cola Company is a smooth-running corporation that has effectively employed Information Systems although some areas are still wanting. A few technological improvements could give the company an unmatched comparison. Appendix The map shows Coca-Cola Company operating segments (Operating Groups par. 1)Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Table showing per capita consumption (Coca-Cola Consumption Per Capita par. 2) Works Cited Aswathappa K, Sadhna Dash. International Human Resource Management: Text and Cases. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Pub, 2008. Print. 29 April 2013. Bovarnick, Ellen. â€Å"VP Corporate Business Excellence.† Interview with Rod Morgan. Web. Coca-Cola Company.Coca-Cola Consumption Per Capita. Coca-Cola, 13 October 2009. Web.. http://www.prosebeforehos.com/. Coca-Cola Company. Operating Groups. Coca-Cola, 6 April 2012. Web. https://www.coca-colacompany.com/. Datamonitor. The Coca-Cola Company. Special Report. New York, London, sydney: Datamonitor, 2011. Print. April 2013. Market Line. Global Soft Drinks. Special Report. London: MarketLine, February 2013. Print. April 2013. 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